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Alternaria leaf spot or Alternaria leaf blight are a group of fungal diseases in plants, that have a variety of hosts. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The diseases infects common garden plants, such as cabbage, and are caused by several closely related species of fungi. [ 4 ]
Cabbage clubroot is a disease of Brassicaceae (mustard family or cabbage family) caused by the soil-borne Plasmodiophora brassicae. [9] The disease first appears scattered in fields, but in successive seasons it will infect the entire field, reducing the yield significantly and sometimes resulting in no yield at all.
Leaf spots are a type of plant disease that are usually caused by pathogens and sometimes other cases such as herbicide injuries. [3] Leaf spots can vary in size, shape, and color depending on the age and type of the cause or pathogen.
Plasmodiophora brassicae exhibits two main forms within its life cycle. It is either a spore that is ready to infect roots or it becomes a persistent spore in the soil. That, or the fungus can become a somewhat mobile zoospore, which is a spindle shaped biflagellate cell.
In 2007, the cabbage crop in the US exceed $413M (1.4M+ tons). [18] Black rot is considered the most important disease of cabbage and other crucifers because Xcc infections may not become apparent until the warm summer months (well after planting), the pathogen spreads rapidly, and losses due to the disease may exceed 50% in warm, wet climates. [6]
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). [1] Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi , oomycetes , bacteria , viruses , viroids , virus -like organisms, phytoplasmas , protozoa , nematodes and parasitic plants . [ 2 ]
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Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases. [11] A disease triangle describes the basic factors required for plant diseases. These are the host plant, the pathogen, and the environment. Any one of these can be modified to control a disease. [12]