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In macroeconomics, the guns versus butter model is an example of a simple production–possibility frontier. It demonstrates the relationship between a nation's investment in defense and civilian goods. The "guns or butter" model is used generally as a simplification of national spending as a part of GDP. This may be seen as an analogy for ...
The production-possibility frontier can be constructed from the contract curve in an Edgeworth production box diagram of factor intensity. [12] The example used above (which demonstrates increasing opportunity costs, with a curve concave to the origin) is the most common form of PPF. [ 13 ]
Figure 6: Production possibilities set in the Robinson Crusoe economy with two commodities. The boundary of the production possibilities set is known as the production-possibility frontier (PPF). [9] This curve measures the feasible outputs that Crusoe can produce, with a fixed technological constraint and given amount of resources.
Points A and B are not strictly dominated by any other, and hence lie on the frontier. A production-possibility frontier. The red line is an example of a Pareto-efficient frontier, where the frontier and the area left and below it are a continuous set of choices. The red points on the frontier are examples of Pareto-optimal choices of production.
A diagram showing the production possibilities frontier (PPF) curve for "manufacturing" and "agriculture". Point "A" lies below the curve, denoting underutilized production capacity. Points "B", "C", and "D" lie on the curve, denoting efficient utilization of production.
Productive inefficiency, with the economy operating below its production possibilities frontier, can occur because the productive inputs physical capital and labor are underutilized—that is, some capital or labor is left sitting idle—or because these inputs are allocated in inappropriate combinations to the different industries that use them.
Productive capacity has a lot in common with a production possibility frontier (PPF) that is an answer to the question what the maximum production capacity of a certain economy is which means using as many economy’s resources to make the output as possible. In a standard PPF graph, two types of goods’ quantities are set.
Suppose production occurs initially on the production possibility frontier (PPF) at point A. Suppose there is an increase in the labour endowment. This will cause an outward shift in the labour constraint. The PPF and thus production will shift to point B. Production of clothing, the labour-intensive good, will rise from C 1 to C 2.