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In inorganic chemistry, Fajans' rules, formulated by Kazimierz Fajans in 1923, [1] [2] [3] are used to predict whether a chemical bond will be covalent or ionic, and depend on the charge on the cation and the relative sizes of the cation and anion. They can be summarized in the following table:
A chemical bond is the association of atoms or ions to form molecules, crystals, and other structures. The bond may result from the electrostatic force between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds, or some combination of these effects.
Yet, clearly the bond angles between all these molecules deviate from their ideal geometries in different ways. Bent's rule can help elucidate these apparent discrepancies. [5] [20] [21] Electronegative substituents will have more p character. [5] [20] Bond angle has a proportional relationship with s character and an inverse relationship with ...
The inert-pair effect is the tendency of the two electrons in the outermost atomic s-orbital to remain unshared in compounds of post-transition metals.The term inert-pair effect is often used in relation to the increasing stability of oxidation states that are two less than the group valency for the heavier elements of groups 13, 14, 15 and 16.
Those who wish to adopt the textbooks are required to send a request to NCERT, upon which soft copies of the books are received. The material is press-ready and may be printed by paying a 5% royalty, and by acknowledging NCERT. [11] The textbooks are in color-print and are among the least expensive books in Indian book stores. [11]
Irreversible covalent – a chemical bond is formed in which the product is thermodynamically much more stable than the reactants such that the reverse reaction does not take place. Bound molecules are sometimes called a "molecular complex"—the term generally refers to non-covalent associations. [2]
A bond of higher bond order also exerts greater repulsion since the pi bond electrons contribute. [10] For example in isobutylene, (H 3 C) 2 C=CH 2, the H 3 C−C=C angle (124°) is larger than the H 3 C−C−CH 3 angle (111.5°). However, in the carbonate ion, CO 2− 3, all three C−O bonds are equivalent with angles of 120° due to resonance.
Carbon–oxygen bond; Carbon–hydrogen bond; Catch bond; Cation–π interaction; Cation–cation bond; Chalcogen bond; Charge-shift bond; Chemical bonding model; Chemical bonding of water; Chemical specificity; Compliance constants; Cooperative binding; Cooperativity; Coordinate covalent bond; Coordination geometry; Ligand isomerism ...