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  2. Comparison of Portuguese and Spanish - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Portuguese...

    In all other cases in Spanish, the stem vowel has been regularized throughout the conjugation and a new third-person ending -o adopted: hice 'I did' vs. hizo 'he did', pude 'I could' vs. pudo 'he could', etc. Portuguese verbs ending in -duzir are regular in the preterite, while their Spanish counterparts in -ducir undergo a consonant change and ...

  3. Spanish verbs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_verbs

    The "stemless" verb ir belongs to this group, with yendo. For -er and -ir verbs whose stem ends in ñ or ll , the -iendo ending is reduced to -endo: tañer → tañendo, bullir → bullendo. [4] The gerund has a variety of uses and can mean (with haciendo, for example) "doing/while doing/by doing/because of one's doing/through doing" and so on.

  4. Spanish irregular verbs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_irregular_verbs

    Vowel raising appears only in verbs of the third conjugation (-ir verbs), and in this group it affects dormir, morir, podrir (alternative of the more common pudrir) and nearly all verbs which have -e-as their last stem vowel (e.g. sentir, repetir); exceptions include cernir, discernir and concernir (all three diphthongizing, e-ie).

  5. Spanish conjugation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_conjugation

    This article presents a set of paradigms—that is, conjugation tables—of Spanish verbs, including examples of regular verbs and some of the most common irregular verbs. ...

  6. Comparison of machine translation applications - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_machine...

    The following table compares the number of languages which the following machine translation programs can translate between. (Moses and Moses for Mere Mortals allow you to train translation models for any language pair, though collections of translated texts (parallel corpus) need to be provided by the user.

  7. Literal translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_translation

    Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. [1] In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).

  8. Calque - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calque

    In linguistics, a calque (/ k æ l k /) or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation.When used as a verb, “to calque” means to borrow a word or phrase from another language while translating its components, so as to create a new word or phrase in the target language.

  9. Subjunctive mood in Spanish - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjunctive_mood_in_Spanish

    Spanish, also referred to as Castilian to differentiate it from other languages spoken in Spain, is an Indo-European language of the Italic branch. [1] Belonging to the Romance family, it is a daughter language of Latin, evolving from its popular register that used to be spoken on the Iberian Peninsula. [2]