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The oldest reference speculating the stone's use as a millstone is found in the display of the British Museum of 1821. [20] However, the stone could instead have been the foundation of something round, possibly a column or a pillar. [21] Some parts of the stone were intentionally cut out during the Dynastic Period. [21]
An example in literature is the character of Touchstone in Shakespeare's As You Like It, described as "a wise fool who acts as a kind of guide or point of reference throughout the play, putting everyone, including himself, to the comic test". [3] Dante's "In la sua volontade è nostra pace" ("In his will is our peace"; Paradiso, III.85) [4]
The earliest verified account of lithomancy comes from Photius, the patriarch of Constantinople, who describes a physician named Eusebius using a stone called a baetulum to perform the ritual. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] However, some writers also claim that Helenus predicted the destruction of Troy using the ritual.
It is an upright, lonely standing stone, called Zkamenělý pastýř ("Shepherd turned-into-stone") or Kamenný muž ("Stone Man"). [7] [8] In another Czech village, Družec, there is a sandstone Marian column from 1674 and a man-sized stone called Zkamenělec ("Man-turned-into-stone"), surrounded with legends of a punished perjurer or ...
The so-called Old English Lapidary (Cotton Tiberius A.iii) is a 10th or 11th century Old English lapidary, a translation of older Latin glosses on the precious stones mentioned in the Book of Revelation.
A phlebolith is a small local, usually rounded, calcification within a vein. These are very common in the veins of the lower part of the pelvis , and they are generally of no clinical importance. When located in the pelvis they are sometimes difficult to differentiate from kidney stones in the ureters on X-ray .
The stone was frequently praised and referred to in such terms. It may be noted that the Latin expression lapis philosophorum, as well as the Arabic ḥajar al-falāsifa from which the Latin derives, both employ the plural form of the word for philosopher. Thus a literal translation would be philosophers' stone rather than philosopher's stone. [27]
A cromlech (sometimes also spelled "cromleh" or "cromlêh"; cf Welsh crom, "bent"; llech, "slate") is a megalithic construction made of large stone blocks. The word applies to two different megalithic forms in English, [1] [2] the first being an altar tomb (frequently called a "dolmen"), as William Borlase first denoted in 1769. [3]