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  2. Port forwarding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding

    Local port forwarding is the most common type of port forwarding. It is used to let a user connect from the local computer to another server, i.e. forward data securely from another client application running on the same computer as a Secure Shell (SSH) client. By using local port forwarding, firewalls that block certain web pages, can be ...

  3. Firewall pinhole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_pinhole

    In computer networking, a firewall pinhole is a port that is not protected by a firewall to allow a particular application to gain access to a service on a host in the network protected by the firewall. [1] [2] Leaving ports open in firewall configurations exposes the protected system to potentially malicious abuse.

  4. Port knocking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_knocking

    In computer networking, port knocking is a method of externally opening ports on a firewall by generating a connection attempt on a set of prespecified closed ports. Once a correct sequence of connection attempts is received, the firewall rules are dynamically modified to allow the host which sent the connection attempts to connect over specific port(s).

  5. IP address blocking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address_blocking

    Unix-like operating systems commonly implement IP address blocking using a TCP wrapper, configured by host access control files /etc/hosts.deny and /etc/hosts.allow.. Both companies and schools offering remote user access use Linux programs such as DenyHosts or Fail2ban for protection from unauthorized access while allowing permitted remote access.

  6. Port Control Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Control_Protocol

    Port Control Protocol (PCP) is a computer networking protocol that allows hosts on IPv4 or IPv6 networks to control how the incoming IPv4 or IPv6 packets are translated and forwarded by an upstream router that performs network address translation (NAT) or packet filtering.

  7. TCP reset attack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_reset_attack

    A TCP reset attack, also known as a forged TCP reset or spoofed TCP reset, is a way to terminate a TCP connection by sending a forged TCP reset packet. This tampering technique can be used by a firewall or abused by a malicious attacker to interrupt Internet connections.

  8. VPN blocking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VPN_blocking

    Ports that are used by common VPN tunneling protocols, such as PPTP or L2TP, to establish their connections and transfer data can be closed by system administrators to prevent their use on certain networks. Similarly, a service can prohibit access by blocking access from IP addresses and IP address ranges that are known to belong to VPN providers.

  9. NAT Port Mapping Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAT_Port_Mapping_Protocol

    NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP) is a network protocol for establishing network address translation (NAT) settings and port forwarding configurations automatically without user effort. [1] The protocol automatically determines the external IPv4 address of a NAT gateway, and provides means for an application to communicate the parameters for ...