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1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid (1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate or 1,3BPG) is a 3-carbon organic molecule present in most, if not all, living organisms.It primarily exists as a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis during respiration and the Calvin cycle during photosynthesis. 1,3BPG is a transitional stage between glycerate 3-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate during the fixation/reduction of ...
2,3-BPG is formed from 1,3-BPG by the enzyme BPG mutase.It can then be broken down by 2,3-BPG phosphatase to form 3-phosphoglycerate.Its synthesis and breakdown are, therefore, a way around a step of glycolysis, with the net expense of one ATP per molecule of 2,3-BPG generated as the high-energy carboxylic acid-phosphate mixed anhydride bond is cleaved by 2,3-BPG phosphatase.
In plants, carotenoids can occur in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Carotenoids have two important functions in plants. First, they can contribute to photosynthesis. They do this by transferring some of the light energy they absorb to chlorophylls, which then uses this energy for photosynthesis. Second, they can protect plants which ...
A typical oxidant is nitric acid, but catalytic oxidations have been developed also: [2] [3] HOCH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 OH + O 2 → HOCH 2 CH(OH)CO 2 H + H 2 O. As glycerol is prochiral, the oxidation of the two terminal alcohol groups gives distinct enantiomers of glyceric acid. Oxidation of both primary alcohols gives tartronic acid:
For example, the glycolytic intermediate 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid has a half-life of 27 minutes in vivo. [5] Typical types of chemical damage reactions that can occur to metabolites are racemization , rearrangement , elimination , photodissociation , addition , and condensation .
1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid, a metabolite in glycolysis; 2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid, regulates hemoglobin; Bourne Publishing Group, a British publishing company; Broadcasting Press Guild, a British association of journalists
3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3PG, 3-PGA, or PGA) is the conjugate acid of 3-phosphoglycerate or glycerate 3-phosphate (GP or G3P). [1] This glycerate is a biochemically significant metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin-Benson cycle. The anion is often termed as PGA when referring to the Calvin-Benson cycle.
2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid, which the Benesches discovered played a key role in the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin. Reinhold Benesch (August 13, 1919 – December 30, 1986) [1] and Ruth Erica Benesch (February 25, 1925 [2] –March 25, 2000 [3]) were American biochemists at Columbia University whose forty year scientific collaboration primarily investigated hemoglobin.