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TLS 1.0 (deprecated) TLS 1.1 (deprecated) TLS 1.2 TLS 1.3 EV certificate SHA-2 certificate ECDSA certificate BEAST CRIME POODLE (SSLv3) RC4 FREAK Logjam Protocol selection by user Apple Safari [n 32] 1 Mac OS X 10.2, 10.3: No [88] Yes Yes No No No No No No Vulnerable Not affected Vulnerable Vulnerable Vulnerable Vulnerable No 2–5
Several versions of the TLS protocol exist. SSL 2.0 is a deprecated [27] protocol version with significant weaknesses. SSL 3.0 (1996) and TLS 1.0 (1999) are successors with two weaknesses in CBC-padding that were explained in 2001 by Serge Vaudenay. [28]
Private Communications Technology (PCT) 1.0 was a protocol developed by Microsoft in the mid-1990s. PCT was designed to address security flaws in version 2.0 of Netscape's Secure Sockets Layer protocol and to force Netscape to hand control of the then-proprietary SSL protocol to an open standards body.
Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network, such as the Internet.The protocol is widely used in applications such as email, instant messaging, and voice over IP, but its use in securing HTTPS remains the most publicly visible.
TLS 1.3 includes a TLS Handshake Protocol that differs compared to past and the current version of TLS/SSL. After coordinating which cipher suite to use, the server and the client still have the ability to change the coordinated ciphers by using the ChangeCipherSpec protocol in the current handshake or in a new handshake.
In 2021 Google funded the creation of mod_tls, a new TLS module for Apache HTTP Server using Rustls. [38] [39] The new module is intended to be a successor to the mod_ssl module that uses OpenSSL, as a more secure default. [38] [40] As of August 2024, mod_tls is available in the latest version of Apache but still marked as experimental. [41]
The style used to specify how to use TLS matches the same layer distinction that is also conveniently supported by several library implementations of TLS. E.g., the RFC 3207 SMTP extension illustrates with the following dialog how a client and server can start a secure session: [3]
LibreSSL is an open-source implementation of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. The implementation is named after Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), the deprecated predecessor of TLS, for which support was removed in release 2.3.0.