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The memory order is said to be strong or sequentially consistent when either the order of operations cannot change or when such changes have no visible effect on any thread. [1] [4] Conversely, the memory order is called weak or relaxed when one thread cannot predict the order of operations arising from another thread.
Modern programming languages like Java therefore implement a memory model. The memory model specifies synchronization barriers that are established via special, well-defined synchronization operations such as acquiring a lock by entering a synchronized block or method. The memory model stipulates that changes to the values of shared variables ...
The Java programming language and the Java virtual machine (JVM) is designed to support concurrent programming. All execution takes place in the context of threads. Objects and resources can be accessed by many separate threads. Each thread has its own path of execution, but can potentially access any object in the program.
Program order guarantees that each process issues a memory request ordered by its program and write atomicity defines that memory requests are serviced based on the order of a single FIFO queue. In relaxing program order, any or all the ordering of operation pairs, write-after-write, read-after-write, or read/write-after-read, can be relaxed.
For example, a second CPU may see memory changes made by the first CPU in a sequence that differs from program order. A program is run via a process which can be multi-threaded (i.e. a software thread such as pthreads as opposed to a hardware thread). Different processes do not share a memory space so this discussion does not apply to two ...
In C++, any class that can be three-way compared can be a parameter to instances of std::compare_three_way, std::strong_order, std::weak_order, or std::partial_order. Since Java version 1.5, the same can be computed using the Math.signum static method if the difference can be known without computational problems such as arithmetic overflow ...
Java, C#, C, Python, Go, Node.js, Perl, libevent, PHP, Ruby, Rust Open Source (AGPL) Flash-optimized in-memory open source NoSQL database. ALTIBASE HDB: Altibase Corporation 1999 Java, C, C++, JDBC, ODBC, SQL Proprietary Altibase is a hybrid DBMS that combines an in-memory database with a conventional disk-resident database in a single unified ...
Note how the use of A[i][j] with multi-step indexing as in C, as opposed to a neutral notation like A(i,j) as in Fortran, almost inevitably implies row-major order for syntactic reasons, so to speak, because it can be rewritten as (A[i])[j], and the A[i] row part can even be assigned to an intermediate variable that is then indexed in a separate expression.