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A vacuum arc remelting (VAR) furnace (or Arc Melter) from Edmund Buhler. VAR is used most frequently in high value applications. It is an additional processing step to improve the quality of metal. Because it is time consuming and expensive, a majority of commercial alloys do not employ the process.
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Edwin Fitch Northrup built the first prototype of a vacuum induction furnace in the United States of America in 1920. [citation needed] Medium frequency furnaces were seen soon afterwards in England and Sweden in 1927. [1] The process was initially developed to refine certain special metals such as cobalt and nickel. As these metals and alloys ...
Operating a vacuum heat treating furnace, c. 1959–1962. A vacuum furnace is a type of furnace in which the product in the furnace is surrounded by a vacuum during processing. The absence of air or other gases prevents oxidation, heat loss from the product through convection, and removes a source of contamination.
An industrial furnace, also known as a direct heater or a direct fired heater, is a device used to provide heat for an industrial process, typically higher than 400 degrees Celsius. [1] They are used to provide heat for a process or can serve as reactor which provides heats of reaction.
Electron-beam furnaces are used for production and refining of high-purity metals (especially titanium, vanadium, tantalum, niobium, hafnium, etc.) and some exotic alloys. [1] The EB furnaces use a hot cathode for production of electrons and high voltage for accelerating them towards the target to be melted.
Articles on particular furnaces should be in categories for particular countries subcategories of Category:Iron and steel mills or the equivalents for other metals. Subcategories This category has the following 5 subcategories, out of 5 total.
Reverberatory furnaces (in this context, usually called air furnaces) were formerly also used for melting brass, bronze, and pig iron for foundry work. They were also, for the first 75 years of the 20th century, the dominant smelting furnace used in copper production, treating either roasted calcine or raw copper sulfide concentrate. [ 1 ]