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Muhammad [a] (c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) [b] was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. [c] According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
Muhammad's first revelation was the event that initiated the development of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula. The exact date is disputed, but it is generally believed to have occurred in 610 CE .
The issue of succession following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad is the central issue in the schisms that divided the early Muslim community in the first century of Islamic history into numerous schools and branches.
The Islamic prophet Muhammad came to the city of Medina following the migration of his followers in what is known as the Hijrah (migration to Medina) in 622. He had been invited to Medina by city leaders to adjudicate disputes between clans from which the city suffered, and was received positively by the city's Jewish and pagan residents as an ...
Muhammad, the final Islamic prophet, was born and lived in Mecca for the first 53 years of his life (c. 570–622 CE) until the Hijra. This period of his life is characterized by his proclamation of prophethood. Muhammad's father, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib, died before he was born.
These twelve informed Muhammad of the beginning of gradual development of Islam in Medina, and took a formal pledge of allegiance at Muhammad's hand, promising to accept him as a prophet, to worship none but one God, and to renounce certain sins like theft, adultery, murder and the like. This is known as the "First Pledge of al-Aqaba".
579/582: Muhammad travels to Syria with his uncle Abu Talib. There, Bahira, a Christian monk, claims that Muhammad possesses the mark of an Abrahamic prophet. [1] (Approximate date). 582: Birth of Umar, the senior companion of Muhammad and his father-in-law. 594: Muhammad leads Khadija's trade caravan to Syria and back (approximate date).
Muhammad set out towards Mecca at the head of an army consisting of ten thousand soldiers on the tenth day of the month of Ramadan. This was the largest Muslim force ever assembled as of that time. [6] Muhammad appointed Abu Ruhm Al-Ghifari as the custodian of the affairs of Medina during his absence. [6]