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The standard x-ray views of the shoulder include a true anterior-posterior view, a lateral (Y or outlet) view, and an axillary view. [13] A Velpeau view can be done as an alternative to the axillary view if an examinee is unable to position the shoulder for an appropriate image.
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The shoulder joint (or glenohumeral ... Supraspinatus outlet view X-ray, showing subacromial space measurement ... MRI with surface coils is used to image the ...
The lateral contour of the shoulder should be positioned in front of the film in a way that the longitudinal axis of the scapula continues parallel to the path of the rays. This method reveals: [17] The horizontal centralization of the humerus head and socket. The osseous margins of the coraco-acromial arch and hence the supraspinatus outlet canal.
However, imaging studies are unable to show cause of shoulder pain in diagnosing. For example, MRI imaging would show rotator cuff pathology and bursitis but is unable to specify the cause. [15] On physical exam, the physician may twist or elevate the patient's arm to test for reproducible pain (the Neer sign and Hawkins-Kennedy test).
Imaging diagnosis conventionally begins with plain film radiography. Generally, anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of the shoulder with the arm in internal rotation offer the best yield while axillary views and AP radiographs with external rotation tend to obscure the defect.
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Lateral view demonstrating the articular surface of the right scapula is shown. Symptoms: Shoulder instability and widespread shoulder discomfort, and catching, locking, or popping feelings in shoulders. [1] Risk factors: Anterior shoulder dislocation and/or repeated anterior shoulder subluxations. [2] Diagnostic method: X-ray and MRI ...
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