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  2. Klippel–Feil syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klippel–Feil_syndrome

    Klippel–Feil syndrome (KFS), also known as cervical vertebral fusion syndrome, is a rare congenital condition characterized by the abnormal fusion of any two of the seven bones in the neck (cervical vertebrae). [1]: 578 It can result in a limited ability to move the neck and shortness of the neck, resulting in the appearance of a low hairline ...

  3. Bertolotti's syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertolotti's_syndrome

    Bertolotti's syndrome is characterized by sacralization of the lowest lumbar vertebral body and lumbarization of the uppermost sacral segment. It involves a total or partial unilateral or bilateral fusion of the transverse process of the lowest lumbar vertebra to the sacrum, leading to the formation of a transitional 5th lumbar vertebra.

  4. Spinal fusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_fusion

    Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a surgery performed by orthopaedic surgeons or neurosurgeons that joins two or more vertebrae. [1] This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral) and prevents any movement between the fused vertebrae.

  5. Congenital vertebral anomaly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_vertebral_anomaly

    Neurologic signs result from severe angulation of the spine, narrowing of the spinal canal, instability of the spine, and luxation or fracture of the vertebrae. Signs include rear limb weakness or paralysis, urinary or fecal incontinence, and spinal pain. [5] Most cases of hemivertebrae have no or mild symptoms, so treatment is usually ...

  6. Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_idiopathic...

    In the spine, there is bone formation along the anterior longitudinal ligament and sometimes the posterior longitudinal ligament, which may lead to partial or complete fusion of adjacent vertebrae. The facet and sacroiliac joints tend to be uninvolved. The thoracic spine is the most common level involved. [2]

  7. Failed back syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_back_syndrome

    In addition, spinal fusion itself, particularly if more than one spinal level is operated on, may result in "adjacent segment degeneration". [23] This is thought to occur because the fused segments may result in increased torsional and stress forces being transmitted to the intervertebral discs located above and below the fused vertebrae. [23]

  8. Cervicocranial syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervicocranial_syndrome

    Cervical spinal nerve C7 controls triceps and wrist extension. Cervical spinal nerve C8 helps control the hand. [18] The cervicocranial syndrome occurs when symptoms arise due to cervical vertebrae damage (misalignment, collapse, shift or disease, such as tumor) resulting in the improper functioning of the cervical spinal nerves.

  9. Spinal disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_disease

    Symptoms for spinal tumors may vary due to factors such as the type of tumor, the region of the spine, and the health of the patient. Back pain is the most common symptom and it can be a problem if the pain is severe, has a time frame that lasts longer than it would for a normal injury, and becomes worse while laying down or at rest.

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