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Diagram showing before and after a radical nephrectomy. Date: 30 July 2014 (released by CRUK) Source: Original email from CRUK: Author: Cancer Research UK: Permission (Reusing this file) This image has been released as part of an open knowledge project by Cancer Research UK. If re-used, attribute to Cancer Research UK / Wikimedia Commons
Taken as a whole, if the disease is limited to the kidney, only 20–30% develop metastatic disease after nephrectomy. [110] More specific subsets show a five-year survival rate of around 90–95% for tumors less than 4 cm.
Nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma is rapidly being modified to allow partial removal of the kidney. Nephrectomy is also performed for the purpose of living donor kidney transplantation. [1] A nephroureterectomy is the removal of a kidney and the entire ureter and a small cuff of the bladder for urothelial cancer of the kidney or ureter. [9]
Wilms' tumor or Wilms tumor, [3] also known as nephroblastoma, is a cancer of the kidneys that typically occurs in children (rarely in adults), [4] and occurs most commonly as a renal tumor in child patients.
Pyometra is a result of hormonal and structural changes in the uterus lining. This can happen at any age, regardless of how many heat cycles have occurred or previous pregnancies (or lack thereof), although it becomes more common as the dog gets older. The main risk period for a female is for eight weeks after her peak standing heat has ended. [2]
Dogs have an overall reported incidence of mammary tumors of 3.4 percent. Dogs spayed before their first heat have 0.5 percent of this risk, and dogs spayed after just one heat cycle have 8 percent of this risk. [1] The tumors are often multiple. The average age of dogs with mammary tumors is ten to eleven years old. [6]
A later study comparing female dogs spayed between 4 and 6 months and after 6 months showed no increased risk. [ 33 ] One study showed the incidence of hip dysplasia increased to 6.7% for dogs neutered before 5.5 months compared to 4.7% for dogs neutered after 5.5 months, although the cases associated with early age neutering seems to be of a ...
Limber tail syndrome, or acute caudal myopathy, is a disorder of the muscles in the tail, usually affecting working dogs. [ 1 ] It is an injury occurring mostly in sporting or working dogs such as English Pointers , English Setters , Foxhounds , Beagles , and Labrador Retrievers .