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Tūī on New Zealand flax. Phormium tenax (called flax in New Zealand English; harakeke in Māori; New Zealand flax [1] [2] outside New Zealand; and New Zealand hemp [1] in historical nautical contexts) is an evergreen perennial plant native to New Zealand and Norfolk Island that is an important fibre plant and a popular ornamental plant. [3]
New Zealand flax describes the common New Zealand perennial plants Phormium tenax and Phormium colensoi, known by the Māori names harakeke and wharariki respectively. Although given the common name 'flax' they are quite distinct from the Northern Hemisphere plant known as flax ( Linum usitatissimum ) .
Phormium is a genus of two plant species in the family Asphodelaceae.One species is endemic to New Zealand and the other is native to New Zealand and Norfolk Island. [1] The two species are widely known in New Zealand as flax or their Māori names wharariki and harakeke respectively, and elsewhere as New Zealand flax or flax lily, but they are not closely related to the Northern Hemisphere's ...
An 1847 portrait of Hōne Heke and his wife Hariata wearing cloaks made from Phormium tenax (New Zealand flax) fibre. Māori made textiles and woven items from a number of plants, including harakeke (New Zealand flax), wharariki, tī kōuka, tōī, pīngao, kiekie, nīkau and toetoe. [8] [9] [10]
Muka is prepared fibre of New Zealand flax (Māori: harakeke). [1] Prepared primarily by scraping, pounding and washing, it is a key material in Māori traditional textiles where it is usually used in tāniko or twined weaving. Some varieties produce different grades or quality of muka that result in characteristics such as strength, whiteness ...
Flax for fiber production is usually harvested by a specialized flax harvester. Usually built on the same machine base as a combine, but instead of the cutting head it has a flax puller. The flax plant is turned over and is gripped by rubber belts roughly 20–25 cm (8–10 inches) above ground, to avoid getting grasses and weeds in the flax.
Phormium colensoi (syn. Phormium cookianum – see below), also called mountain flax, or wharariki in Māori, is a perennial plant that is endemic to New Zealand. [5] The greenish, yellow or orange flowers are followed by twisted seed pods. [5] It is less common than the other Phormium species, P. tenax or harakeke.
The New Zealand flatworm (Arthurdendyus triangulatus) is an invasive species in Europe where it preys on earthworms and degrades soil quality. Weka (Gallirallus australis) were introduced to several islands south of New Zealand, [2] including Macquarie Island in the 1870s, [3] where the weka was utilized as a food source.
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