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The addition of sand to bogs and clay soil created fertile soil for agriculture, and around 1850, grapes were grown in the first greenhouses, simple glass constructions with one of the sides consisting of a solid wall. By the early 20th century, greenhouses began to be constructed with all sides built using glass, and they began to be heated.
The history of the scientific discovery of climate change began in the early 19th century when ice ages and other natural changes in paleoclimate were first suspected and the natural greenhouse effect was first identified. In the late 19th century, scientists first argued that human emissions of greenhouse gases could change Earth's energy ...
t. e. After World War II, newly implemented agricultural technologies, including pesticides and fertilizers as well as new breeds of high yield crops, greatly increased food production in certain regions of the Global South. The Green Revolution, or the Third Agricultural Revolution, was a period of technology transfer initiatives that saw ...
During the late 20th century, a scientific consensus evolved that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause a substantial rise in global temperatures and changes to other parts of the climate system, [108] with consequences for the environment and for human health.
20th century English zoologist and ecologist, Charles Elton, is commonly credited as "the father of animal ecology". [27] Elton influenced by Victor Shelford's Animal Communities in Temperate America began his research on animal ecology as an assistant to his colleague, Julian Huxley, on an ecological survey of the fauna in Spitsbergen in 1921 ...
Rising greenhouse gas levels are contributing to an energy imbalance. Factors affecting Earth's climate can be broken down into forcings , feedbacks and internal variations . [ 14 ] : 7 Four main lines of evidence support the dominant role of human activities in recent climate change: [ 17 ]
In 2000, Stott and others [72] reported on the most comprehensive model simulations of 20th century climate to that date. Their study looked at both "natural forcing agents" (solar variations and volcanic emissions) as well as "anthropogenic forcing" (greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols).
Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth's average surface temperature would be about −18 °C (−0.4 °F), [1] [2] which is less than Earth's 20th century average of about 14 °C (57 °F), or a more recent average of about 15 °C (59 °F).
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