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Many fought for the Union during the Civil War. These people are also referred to as Southern Loyalists, Union Loyalists, [1] or Lincoln's Loyalists. [2] Pro-Confederates in the South derided them as "Tories" (in reference to the pro-Crown Loyalists of the American Revolution).
Many fought for the Union during the Civil War. These people are also referred to as Southern Loyalists, Union Loyalists, [1] [note 1] or Lincoln's Loyalists. [2] Pro-Confederates in the South derided them as "Tories" (in reference to the pro-Crown Loyalists of the American Revolution).
Liberty's Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World (2012) excerpt and text search; Thomas B. Allen. Tories: Fighting for the King in America's First Civil War (2011) excerpt and text search; Ronald Rees, Land of the Loyalists: Their struggle to shape the Maritimes, Nimbus, 146 p., 2000, ISBN 1-55109-274-3.
South Carolina, which had seen a bitter bloody internal civil war in 1780–82, adopted a policy of reconciliation that proved more moderate than any other state. About 4,500 white Loyalists left when the war ended, but the majority remained. The state government successfully and quickly reincorporated the vast majority.
During the Civil War the United States federal government required all naval shipyard workers to sign a loyalty oath. Oath to defend the Constitution of the United States and, among other promises, to "abide by and faithfully support all acts of Congress passed during the . . . rebellion having reference to slaves . . . ," signed by former Confederate officer Samuel M. Kennard on June 27, 1865 [4]
During the British occupation of Philadelphia, he was appointed superintendent of police and headed the civil government. [12] He efficiently organized the Loyalists in Philadelphia, but the British were driven out of the city in 1778 following France's entry into the war. The British retreated to New York, and Galloway went with them.
During the American Revolution, these persons became known primarily as Loyalists. Afterward, some 15% of Loyalists emigrated north to the remaining British territories in the Canadas. There they called themselves the United Empire Loyalists. 85% of the Loyalists decided to stay in the new United States and were granted American citizenship.
Patriots soon spread a story that the Loyalists had bayoneted many of the wounded and those trying to surrender. Patriots began to speak bitterly of "Buford's Quarter," or "Tarleton's Quarter," meaning none. In the civil war in the South, both sides resorted to the burning of farms and homes, torture, and summary execution on a huge scale. [30]