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A first linear mathematical model of second-order CP-PLL was suggested by F. Gardner in 1980. [2] A nonlinear model without the VCO overload was suggested by M. van Paemel in 1994 [3] and then refined by N. Kuznetsov et al. in 2019. [4]
Envelope detectors are often a component of other circuits, such as a compressor or an auto-wah or envelope-followed filter. In these circuits, the envelope follower is part of what is known as the " side chain ", a circuit which describes some characteristic of the input, in this case its volume.
ATPG (acronym for both automatic test pattern generation and automatic test pattern generator) is an electronic design automation method or technology used to find an input (or test) sequence that, when applied to a digital circuit, enables automatic test equipment to distinguish between the correct circuit behavior and the faulty circuit behavior caused by defects.
Sneak circuit analysis (SCA) also called sneak path analysis is a technique for evaluating hardware systems and software programs to identify latent circuits and conditions that could inhibit functions or cause undesired functions to occur. Sneak conditions are not caused by failures, but rather they represent conditions inadvertently designed ...
SDC Verifier (Structural Design Codes Verifier) is a commercial structural design and finite element analysis software with a calculation core for checking structures according to different standards, either predefined or self programmed, and final report generation with all checks. The goal is to automate routine work and speed up a ...
A phase detector characteristic is a function of phase difference describing the output of the phase detector. For the analysis of Phase detector it is usually considered the models of PD in signal (time) domain and phase-frequency domain. [ 1 ]
Small-signal modeling is a common analysis technique in electronics engineering used to approximate the behavior of electronic circuits containing nonlinear devices with linear equations. It is applicable to electronic circuits in which the AC signals (i.e., the time-varying currents and voltages in the circuit) are small relative to the DC ...
When the crude test circuit was built, Blackmer and his associates did not expect it to work as a true RMS detector, but it did. According to Robert Adams, it "seemed to behave ideally", [4] and rigorous tests with various waveforms confirmed ideal RMS performance. The circuit was absolutely insensitive to phase shifts in input signal.