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Carbene radicals, in which the carbene is bonded to an open-shell metal with the carbene carbon possessing a radical character. Carbene radicals have features of both Fischer and Schrock carbenes, but are typically long-lived reaction intermediates. The "second generation" of the Grubbs catalysts for alkene metathesis features an NHC ligand.
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Carbene complexes have been synthesized from most transition metals and f-block metals, [2] using many different synthetic routes such as nucleophilic addition and alpha-hydrogen abstraction. [1] The term carbene ligand is a formalism since many are not directly derived from carbenes and most are much less reactive than lone carbenes. [2]
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The net reaction gives a transition metal carbene complex: L n M≡CR + HX → L n (X)M=CHR. These complexes can also undergo photochemical reactions. In some carbyne complexes, coupling of the carbyne ligand to a carbonyl is observed. Protonation of the carbyne carbon and conversion of the carbyne ligand into a π-allyl. [13]
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Methylene (IUPAC name: Methylidene, also called carbene or methene) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 2 (also written [CH 2] and not to be confused with compressed hydrogen, which is also denoted CH 2). It is a colourless gas that fluoresces in the mid-infrared range, and only persists in dilution, or as an adduct.
The structure of carbodicarbenes greatly resembles that of carbodiphosphoranes. [4] Computational data for a N-methyl-substituted carbodicarbene predicted a carbon-carbon bond with a length only marginally longer than a C=C bond in a typical allene at 1.358 Å (compared with 1.308 Å for allene), but with a significantly bent bond angle of 131.8° (compared to 180° for a standard linear ...