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Estimating the population increase and the emigration from Poland between 1931 and 1939, there were probably 3,474,000 Jews in Poland as of 1 September 1939 (approximately 10% of the total population) primarily centered in large and smaller cities: 77% lived in cities and 23% in the villages.
The number of Jews in Poland on September 1, 1939, amounted to about 3,474,000 people. [13] In anticipation of the German attack, during the Summer of 1939, Jews and ethnic Poles cooperated preparing anti-tank fortifications. [39] Contrary to many misconceptions, Jews in Poland were not simply victims of the ensuing Holocaust.
Following the invasion of Poland in 1939, most of the approximately 3.5 million Polish Jews were rounded up and put into newly established ghettos by Nazi Germany. The ghetto system was unsustainable, as by the end of 1941 the Jews had no savings left to pay the SS for food deliveries and no chance to earn their own keep. [ 68 ]
In 1939, Poland's 3.3 million Jews constituted by far the largest Jewish community in Europe, with 30% of the population in Warsaw and other major cities; in some parts of eastern Poland, Jews were the majority of the resident population. The Polish Jewish community was one of the most vibrant and free in Europe.
The Germans invaded and occupied Poland on September 1, 1939. The country was occupied and divided between Nazi Germany, the Slovak State, and the Soviet Union.On September 10, the German army took the town of Ostrów Mazowiecka, which was home to a large Jewish population, and in the German-occupied zone.
The Kielce Ghetto (Polish: getto w Kielcach, German: Ghetto von Kielce) was a Jewish World War II ghetto created in 1941 by the Schutzstaffel (SS) in the Polish city of Kielce in the south-western region of the Second Polish Republic, occupied by German forces from 4 September 1939. Before the Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939, Kielce was the ...
In 1937, 60 percent of the population were ethnic Poles and 40 percent Jewish. In 1939 the total population was around 2,720 to 2,800. [13] At the time about 10 percent of the population of Poland—35 million—was Jewish; it was the largest Jewish population in the world. [14]
Bombing of Dęblin airfield on 3 September 1939. Pictured: Irena (top)—the ghetto was centered on the semicircle—the airfield (right) and military installations (left). Thousands of Jews lived in the towns of Dęblin and Irena [a] in central Poland before World War II; Irena was the site of the Polish Air Force Academy from 1927.