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The Battle of Hattin, from a 13th-century manuscript of the Chronica Majora depicting the capture of the True Cross by Saladin. [1] The Battle of Hattin took place on 4 July 1187, between the Crusader states of the Levant and the forces of the Ayyubid sultan Saladin. It is also known as the Battle of the Horns of Hattin, due to the shape of the ...
The Horns of Hattin, c. 1925. The Horns of Hattin ( Hebrew: קרני חיטין, romanized: Karnei Hittin Arabic: قرون حطين, romanized: Qurûn Hattîn) is an extinct volcano with twin peaks overlooking the plains of Hattin in the Lower Galilee, Israel. It is most famous as the site of the Battle of Hattin (1187).
The Kingdom of Jerusalem, weakened by internal disputes, was defeated at the Battle of Hattin on 4 July 1187. Most of the nobility were taken prisoner, including King Guy. Thousands of Muslim slaves were freed. [2] [3] [4] By mid-September, Saladin had taken Acre, Nablus, Jaffa, Toron, Sidon, Beirut, and Ascalon.
The Siege of Acre, 1189-1191: Saladin, Richard the Lionheart, and the Battle That Decided the Third Crusade. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-21550-2. Nicolle, David (2005). Acre 1291: Bloody sunset of the Crusader states. Osprey Publishing. Runciman, Steven (1951). A History of the Crusades. Cambridge University Press.
Saladin himself referred to the battle as a "major defeat which God mended with the famous battle of Hattin", [72] according to Baha ad-Din. [73] Raynald signed a majority of royal charters between 1177 and 1180, with his name always first among signatories, showing that he was the king's most influential official during this period. [74]
In the summer of 1187, Saladin decided to launch a full-scale invasion against the crusaders, and only then was Raymond reconciled with Guy. Raymond commanded the vanguard of the crusaders' army in the Battle of Hattin, which ended with their catastrophic defeat. He was one of the few crusader commanders who were not killed or captured.
Gregory addresses "all of the faithful of Christ" in Audita tremendi. [6] In his letter, which begins with the words "Audita tremendi...", Gregory laments the Christian defeat in the Battle of Hattin on 4 July 1187, [7] which was accompanied by the execution of the Hospitallers and the Templars and the loss of the True Cross. [8]
The siege of Kerak was conducted by the Ayyubid Sultanate army against the Crusader fortress of Kerak. After a year and a half of blockade, the Crusader fortress surrendered to the Muslims. In May 1187, Saladin left Transjordan and began his offensive against the Crusaders. [1] Saladin took a force to Bosra which was assigned to protect the ...