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The reason for the choice of the number 21.06 is to bring about the following result: If the scores are normally distributed (i.e. they follow the "bell-shaped curve") then the normal equivalent score is 99 if the percentile rank of the raw score is 99; the normal equivalent score is 50 if the percentile rank of the raw score is 50;
Phred quality scores shown on a DNA sequence trace. A Phred quality score is a measure of the quality of the identification of the nucleobases generated by automated DNA sequencing. [1] [2] It was originally developed for the computer program Phred to help in the automation of DNA sequencing in the Human Genome Project.
A Likert scale (/ ˈ l ɪ k ər t / LIK-ərt, [1] [note 1]) is a psychometric scale named after its inventor, American social psychologist Rensis Likert, [2] which is commonly used in research questionnaires.
The University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada used the stanine system until 2003, when it switched to a 4-point scale. [3] In the United States, the Educational Records Bureau (they administer the "ERBs") reports test scores as stanines and percentiles. The New Zealand Council for Educational Research uses stanines. [4]
The Miller Analogies Test (MAT) was a standardized test used both for graduate school admissions in the United States and entrance to high I.Q. societies.Created and published by Harcourt Assessment (now a division of Pearson Education), the MAT consisted of 120 questions in 60 minutes (an earlier iteration was 100 questions in 50 minutes).
The Brixton test is a visuospatial sequencing task with rule changes. This test measures the ability to detect rules in sequences of stimuli. It usually takes between five and ten minutes to administer, and yields an easily understood scaled score of between 1 and 10.
Like stanines, individual sten scores are demarcated by half standard deviations. Thus, a sten score of 5 includes all standard scores from -.5 to zero and is centered at -0.25 and a sten score of 4 includes all standard scores from -1.0 to -0.5 and is centered at -0.75. A sten score of 1 includes all standard scores below -2.0.
A raw score is a score without any sort of adjustment or transformation, such as the simple number of questions answered correctly. A scaled score is the result of some transformation(s) applied to the raw score, such as in relative grading. The purpose of scaled scores is to report scores for all examinees on a consistent scale.