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They typically measure 5–10 centimetres (2.0–3.9 in) in length. Flowers appear in the spring and are inconspicuous. [4] The beechnuts sit in a thin spiny husk and are less than 5 cm in diameter. [5] The triangular beech nuts are popular in autumn with birds, mice and squirrels. [citation needed] The green leaves become copper-toned in the fall.
[1] [2] The underlying physiological mechanism is that trees transfer water and sap from the roots to the leaves through their vascular cells, but in some trees as autumn begins, the veins carrying the sap slowly close until a layer of cells called the abscission layer completely closes off the vein allowing the tree to rid itself of the leaf. [3]
Beech wood tablets were a common writing material in Germanic societies before the development of paper. The Old English bōc [54] has the primary sense of "beech" but also a secondary sense of "book", and it is from bōc that the modern word derives. [55] In modern German, the word for "book" is Buch, with Buche meaning "beech tree".
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The fruit is a triangle-shaped shell containing 2–3 nuts inside, but many of them do not fill in, especially on solitary trees. Beech nuts are sweet and nutritious, [7] can be eaten raw by wildlife and humans, [26] or can be cooked. [27] They can also be roasted and ground into a coffee substitute. [7] The leaves are edible when cooked. [7]
In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous (/ d ɪ ˈ s ɪ dʒ u. ə s /) [1] [2] means "falling off at maturity" [3] and "tending to fall off", [4] in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit.
Copper beech in autumn Shoot with nut cupules. Fagus sylvatica is a large tree, capable of reaching heights of up to 50 metres (160 feet) tall [4] and 3 m (10 ft) trunk diameter, though more typically 25–35 m (82–115 ft) tall and up to 1.5 m (5 ft) trunk diameter.
The crown is rounded and the bark is smooth and grey. The simple leaves are arranged alternately along the branch. They are broadest towards the base and have 7 to 11 pairs of veins. The nut has a short thick stalk, 15 millimetres (0.6 in) long. There are flattened green whiskers at the base of the husk of the nut. The flowers are wind ...