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A hadron is a composite subatomic particle.Every hadron must fall into one of the two fundamental classes of particle, bosons and fermions. In particle physics, a hadron (/ ˈ h æ d r ɒ n / ⓘ; from Ancient Greek ἁδρός (hadrós) 'stout, thick') is a composite subatomic particle made of two or more quarks held together by the strong interaction.
Hadrons are defined as strongly interacting composite particles. Hadrons are either: Composite fermions (especially 3 quarks), in which case they are called baryons. Composite bosons (especially 2 quarks), in which case they are called mesons.
Owing to a phenomenon known as color confinement, quarks are never found in isolation; they can be found only within hadrons, which include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons, or in quark–gluon plasmas. [2] [3] [nb 1] For this reason, much of what is known about quarks has been drawn from observations of hadrons.
Baryons and mesons are both hadrons, which are particles composed solely of quarks or both quarks and antiquarks. The term baryon is derived from the Greek "βαρύς" ( barys ), meaning "heavy", because, at the time of their naming, it was believed that baryons were characterized by having greater masses than other particles that were classed ...
Strange quarks are found in subatomic particles called hadrons. Examples of hadrons containing strange quarks include kaons (K), strange D mesons (D s), Sigma baryons (Σ), and other strange particles. According to the IUPAP, the symbol s is the official name, while "strange" is to be considered only as a mnemonic. [2]
The interaction produces jets of newly created hadrons that are observable. Those hadrons are created, as a manifestation of mass–energy equivalence, when sufficient energy is deposited into a quark–quark bond, as when a quark in one proton is struck by a very fast quark of another impacting proton during a particle accelerator experiment.
Hadronization (or hadronisation) is the process of the formation of hadrons out of quarks and gluons.There are two main branches of hadronization: quark-gluon plasma (QGP) transformation [1] and colour string decay into hadrons. [2]
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and hundreds of universities and laboratories across more than 100 countries. [ 3 ]