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  2. List of open-source software for mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_open-source...

    SageMath is designed partially as a free alternative to the general-purpose mathematics products Maple and MATLAB. It can be downloaded or used through a web site. SageMath comprises a variety of other free packages, with a common interface and language. SageMath is developed in Python.

  3. Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation...

    The mathematical formulations of quantum mechanics are those mathematical formalisms that permit a rigorous description of quantum mechanics.This mathematical formalism uses mainly a part of functional analysis, especially Hilbert spaces, which are a kind of linear space.

  4. Operational calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_calculus

    The operational calculus generally is typified by two symbols: the operator p, and the unit function 1. The operator in its use probably is more mathematical than physical, the unit function more physical than mathematical. The operator p in the Heaviside calculus initially is to represent the time differentiator ⁠ d / dt ⁠.

  5. d'Alembert operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D'Alembert_operator

    The Green's function, (~ ~ ′), for the d'Alembertian is defined by the equation (~ ~ ′) = (~ ~ ′)where (~ ~ ′) is the multidimensional Dirac delta function ...

  6. Quantum calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_calculus

    The h-calculus is the calculus of finite differences, which was studied by George Boole and others, and has proven useful in combinatorics and fluid mechanics. In a sense, q -calculus dates back to Leonhard Euler and Carl Gustav Jacobi , but has only recently begun to find usefulness in quantum mechanics , given its intimate connection with ...

  7. Wave function collapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_function_collapse

    This interaction is called an observation and is the essence of a measurement in quantum mechanics, which connects the wave function with classical observables such as position and momentum. Collapse is one of the two processes by which quantum systems evolve in time; the other is the continuous evolution governed by the Schrödinger equation. [2]

  8. Transport phenomena - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena

    where τ zx is the flux of x-directed momentum in the z-direction, ν is μ/ρ, the momentum diffusivity, z is the distance of transport or diffusion, ρ is the density, and μ is the dynamic viscosity. Newton's law of viscosity is the simplest relationship between the flux of momentum and the velocity gradient.

  9. Loop integral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_integral

    By the computation above, we showed that the integral can be written in terms of expressions which have a well-defined analytic continuation from integers to functions on : specifically the gamma function has an analytic continuation and taking powers, , is an operation which can be analytically continued.