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Caustic ingestion occurs when someone accidentally or deliberately ingests a caustic or corrosive substance. Depending on the nature of the substance, the duration of exposure and other factors it can lead to varying degrees of damage to the oral mucosa , the esophagus , and the lining of the stomach .
Oral ingestion of hydrocarbons often is associated with symptoms of mucous membrane irritation, vomiting, and central nervous system depression. Cyanosis , tachycardia , and tachypnea may appear as a result of aspiration, with subsequent development of chemical pneumonitis.
There may be a slight risk of poisoning where mists or fogs are generated, although this rarely leads to poisoning as ethylene glycol causes irritation and coughing when breathed in, alerting victims to its presence. [22] Ethylene glycol is not well absorbed through skin meaning poisoning following dermal exposure is also uncommon. [23]
Treatment is focused on reversing the cause of inflammation and reducing symptoms. Corticosteroids may be given to reduce inflammation, often before long-term scarring occurs. Antibiotics are usually not helpful or needed, unless there is a secondary infection. Oxygen therapy may be helpful.
Salt poisoning sufficient to produce severe symptoms is rare, and lethal salt poisoning is possible but even rarer. The lethal dose of table salt is roughly 0.5–1 gram per kilogram of body weight. [1] In medicine, salt poisoning is most frequently encountered in children or infants [2] [3] who may be made to consume excessive amounts of table ...
The terrorist attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 left many people with impaired lung function. [ 33 ] [ 34 ] [ 35 ] A study of firefighters and EMS workers enrolled in the FDNY WTC Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program, whose lung function was tested prior to 9/11, documented a steep decline in lung function in the first ...
Ingestion of corrosive substances can cause chemical burns to the stomach. [19] Liver injury is the most common type of organ damage in cases of abdominal trauma. [ 35 ] The liver's size and location in the body makes injury relatively common compared to other abdominal organs, and blunt trauma injury to the liver is typically treated with ...
Effects depend on the substance; hydrogen peroxide removes a bleached layer of skin, while nitric acid causes a characteristic color change to yellow in the skin, and silver nitrate produces noticeable black stains. Chemical burns may occur through direct contact on body surfaces, including skin and eyes, via inhalation, and/or by ingestion.