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In political science, parallel voting or superposition refers to the use of two or more electoral systems to elect different members of a legislature. More precisely, an electoral system is a superposition if it is a mixture of at least two tiers, which do not interact with each other in any way; one part of a legislature is elected using one method, while another part is elected using a ...
Some supermixed systems use vote linkage together with parallel voting (superposition) in a two-vote setup, where split ticket voting is allowed. [ 4 ] [ 9 ] How proportional the outcome depends on many factors including the vote transfer rules, such which votes are recounted as party list votes, and other parameters (e.g. the number of list ...
An electoral system (or voting system) is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined.. Some electoral systems elect a single winner (single candidate or option), while others elect multiple winners, such as members of parliament or boards of directors.
Semi-proportional voting systems are generally used as a compromise between complex and expensive but more-proportional systems (like the single transferable vote) and simple winner-take-all systems. [2] [3] Examples of semi-proportional systems include the single non-transferable vote, limited voting, and parallel voting.
For example, the FDP (yellow) did not win a single constituency; all its 92 MPs were elected on party lists. Ballot for electoral district 252, Würzburg, for the 2005 German federal election. Constituency vote on left, party list vote on right. In MMP, the voter casts two votes: one for a constituency representative and one for a party.
Parallel voting is a mixed non-compensatory system with two tiers of representatives: a tier of single-member district representatives elected by a plurality/majoritarian method such as FPTP/SMP, and a tier of regional or at-large representatives elected by a separate proportional method such as party list PR.
A Texas teacher has recreated the experience of voting in an election for her elementary school students, using their ballots to decide on a very pressing issue: Skittles or M&Ms?Video from Keke ...
This is distinct from other mixed electoral systems that use parallel voting (superposition) or compensatory voting. For example, the rural-urban proportional (RUP) proposal for British Columbia involved the use of a fully proportional system of list-PR or STV in urban regions, combined with MMP in rural regions. [3]