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PH 4 I + KOH → PH 3 + KI + H 2 O. It reacts with elemental iodine and bromine in a nonpolar solution to give phosphorus halides; for example: 2PH 4 I + 5I 2 → P 2 I 4 + 8HI [4] Phosphonium iodide is a powerful substitution reagent in organic chemistry; for example, it can convert a pyrilium into a phosphinine via substitution. [3]
The λ 5-iodanes such as the Dess-Martin periodinane have square pyramidal geometry with 4 heteroatoms in basal positions and one apical phenyl group. [1] Iodoxybenzene or iodylbenzene, C 6 H 5 IO 2, is a known oxidizing agent. Dess-Martin periodinane (1983) is another powerful oxidant and an improvement of the IBX acid already in existence in ...
Reagents are "substances or compounds that are added to a system in order to bring about a chemical reaction or are added to see if a reaction occurs." [1] Some reagents are just a single element. However, most processes require reagents made of chemical compounds. Some of the most common ones used widely for specific reactive functions are ...
Bis(pyridine)iodonium(I) tetrafluoroborate or Barluenga's reagent, named after José Barluenga, [1] is a mild iodinating reagent. Commercially available, it may be prepared by reacting iodine with pyridine in the presence of silver tetrafluoroborate supported on silica gel .
[3] [4] The reaction can also be carried out under mildly acidic conditions by way of the same intermediate using a hypervalent iodine compound in aqueous solution. [ 1 ] An example published in Organic Syntheses is the conversion of cyclobutanecarboxamide , easily synthesized from cyclobutylcarboxylic acid , to cyclobutylamine . [ 2 ]
The compound can also be synthesized by reacting iodine vapor with molten lead between 500 and 700 °C. [18] A thin film of PbI 2 can also be prepared by depositing a film of lead sulfide PbS and exposing it to iodine vapor, by the reaction PbS + I 2 → PbI 2 + S. The sulfur is then washed with dimethyl sulfoxide. [19]
These iodine compounds are hypervalent because the iodine atom formally contains in its valence shell more than the 8 electrons required for the octet rule. Hypervalent iodine oxyanions are known for oxidation states +1, +3, +5, and +7; organic analogues of these moieties are known for each oxidation state except +7.
It has a cubic crystal structure with the space group Pa 3 (space group no. 205), the lattice parameter a = 1226 pm and eight formula units per unit cell. [4] This corresponds approximately to a cubic close packing of iodine atoms in which 1/8 of all tetrahedral gaps are occupied by tin atoms. This leads to discrete tetrahedral SnI 4 molecules. [5]