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The study of state formation is divided generally into the study of ancient state formation (those that developed in stateless societies), medieval or early modern state formation, and the study of modern state formation (particularly of the form that developed in Europe in the 17th century and spread around the world).
Guang Xia pushes back on the idea of the uniqueness of a Chinese civilization-state. Xia argues that civilization-state discourse in China studies is an important and positive development, as it allows for characteristics of the modern Chinese state to be properly analyzed in the context of their history. However, Xia concludes that ultimately ...
The word civilization is sometimes defined as "living in cities". [33] Non-farmers tend to gather in cities to work and to trade. Compared with other societies, civilizations have a more complex political structure, namely the state. [34] State societies are more stratified [35] than other societies; there is a greater difference among the ...
Around 2600 BCE, the Indus Valley civilization built major cities at Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. [96] Mesopotamian history was characterized by frequent wars between city-states, leading to shifts in hegemony from one city to another. [97] In the 25th–21st centuries BCE, the empires of Akkad and the Neo-Sumerians arose in this area. [98]
The modern indigenous ... The first well-known literate civilization in Europe was the ... This age saw the rise of modern nation-states in Western ...
Covering European history from roughly 800 AD to 1900 AD, it is the first formal analysis and theory of civilization. Elias proposes a double sociogenesis of the state: the social development of the state has two sides, mental and political. The civilisation process that Elias describes results in a profound change in human behaviour.
The early modern period is a subdivision of the most recent of the three major periods of European history: antiquity, the Middle Ages and the modern period. The term "early modern" was first proposed by medieval historian Lynn Thorndike in his 1926 work A Short History of Civilization as a broader alternative to the Renaissance.
The ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia were the oldest civilization in the world, beginning about 4000 BCE.. A civilization (also spelled civilisation in British English) is any complex society characterized by the development of the state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond signed or spoken languages (namely, writing systems and graphic arts).