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  2. Criteria of truth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criteria_of_truth

    The opinions of those with significant experience, highly trained or possessing an advanced degree are often considered a form of proof. Their knowledge and familiarity within a given field or area of knowledge command respect and allow their statements to be criteria of truth. A person may not simply declare themselves an authority, but rather ...

  3. The Will to Believe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Will_to_Believe

    James' central argument in "The Will to Believe" hinges on the idea that access to the evidence for whether certain beliefs are true depends crucially upon first adopting those beliefs without evidence. As an example, James argues that it can be rational to have unsupported faith in one's own ability to accomplish tasks that require confidence ...

  4. Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjectivity_and...

    The root of the words subjectivity and objectivity are subject and object, philosophical terms that mean, respectively, an observer and a thing being observed.The word subjectivity comes from subject in a philosophical sense, meaning an individual who possesses unique conscious experiences, such as perspectives, feelings, beliefs, and desires, [1] [3] or who (consciously) acts upon or wields ...

  5. Argument from religious experience - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_religious...

    In Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion, New Atheist author Sam Harris assigns great value to religious experiences, but denies that facts about the cosmos can rationally be inferred from them, highlighting how different religions would give incompatible interpretations of the experiences. [7]

  6. Belief - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belief

    The tendency to base knowledge on common opinion Socrates dismisses, results from failing to distinguish a dispositive belief (doxa) from knowledge (episteme) when the opinion is regarded correct (n.b., orthé not alethia), in terms of right, and juristically so (according to the premises of the dialogue), which was the task of the rhetors to ...

  7. Faith and rationality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_and_rationality

    In contrast to faith meaning blind trust, in the absence of evidence, even in the teeth of evidence, Alister McGrath quotes Oxford Anglican theologian W. H. Griffith-Thomas (1861–1924), who states faith is "not blind, but intelligent" and "commences with the conviction of the mind based on adequate evidence", which McGrath sees as "a good and ...

  8. Ethics of belief - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_belief

    Don't believe on insufficient evidence. Proportion your beliefs to the strength of the evidence. Don't ignore or dismiss relevant evidence. Be willing to revise your beliefs in light of new evidence. Avoid wishful thinking. Be open-minded and fair-minded. Be wary of beliefs that align with your self-interest. Admit how little you know.

  9. Argument from morality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_morality

    Newman proposed that the conscience, as well as giving moral guidance, provides evidence of objective moral truths which must be supported by the divine. He argued that emotivism is an inadequate explanation of the human experience of morality because people avoid acting immorally, even when it might be in their interests.