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In Italy, ALCEI (an association similar to EFF) also reported the rootkit to the Financial Police, asking for an investigation under various computer crime allegations, along with a technical analysis of the rootkit. [37] [38] The U.S. Department of Justice made no comment on whether it would take any criminal action against Sony.
The first malicious rootkit for the Windows NT operating system appeared in 1999: a trojan called NTRootkit created by Greg Hoglund. [9] It was followed by HackerDefender in 2003. [1] The first rootkit targeting Mac OS X appeared in 2009, [10] while the Stuxnet worm was the first to target programmable logic controllers (PLC). [11]
GMER is a software tool written by a Polish researcher Przemysław Gmerek, for detecting and removing rootkits. [1] [2] It runs on Microsoft Windows and has support for Windows NT, 2000, XP, Vista, 7, 8 and 10. With version 2.0.18327 full support for Windows x64 is added. [3] [4] [5]
[2] [3] [4] It runs on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 (32-bit-versions only). Its output lists Windows Registry and file system API discrepancies that may indicate the presence of a rootkit. It is the same tool that triggered the Sony BMG copy protection rootkit scandal. [5] RootkitRevealer is no longer being developed. [1]: 08:16
Alureon (also known as TDSS or TDL-4) is a trojan and rootkit created to steal data by intercepting a system's network traffic and searching for banking usernames and passwords, credit card data, PayPal information, social security numbers, and other sensitive user data. [1]
In the 2008 AV-TEST comparison of antivirus tools, ClamAV scored poorly in on-demand detection, avoiding false positives, and rootkit detection. [ 19 ] In a Shadowserver six-month test between June and December 2011, ClamAV detected over 75.45% of all viruses tested, putting it in fifth place behind AhnLab, Avira, BitDefender and Avast.
However, because a Windows Kernel is thread based and not process based, pointers can be freely modified without any unintended effects. [1] By modifying linked list pointers to wrap around the rootkit process itself, the rootkit becomes invisible to the Windows event viewer and any system integrity applications that rely on this list.
SUPERAntiSpyware's virus definitions are updated several times a week [2] and generally receive a build update once a month. [3] The company claims that it is specifically designed to be compatible with other security applications, and can, therefore, be used even when other applications are incompatible with other anti-spyware products.