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Glipizide, sold under the brand name Glucotrol among others, is an anti-diabetic medication of the sulfonylurea class used to treat type 2 diabetes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is used together with a diabetic diet and exercise.
It is generally prescribed at initial diagnosis in conjunction with exercise and weight loss, as opposed to the past, where it was prescribed after diet and exercise had failed. There is an immediate-release as well as an extended-release formulation, typically reserved for patients experiencing gastrointestinal side-effects. It is also ...
in adults already being treated with the combination of empagliflozin and metformin as separate tablets. [6] In the United States it is also indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease. [5]
Side effect may include low blood sugar, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, and liver problems. [4] [7] Use by those with significant kidney problems or liver problems or who are pregnant is not recommended. [7] [4] Gliclazide is in the sulfonylurea family of medications. [7] It works mostly by increasing the release of insulin. [7]
Adverse effects [ edit ] To reduce the risk of developing ketoacidosis (a serious condition where the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones) after surgery, the FDA has approved changes to the prescribing information for SGLT2 inhibitor diabetes medications, recommending they be temporarily stopped before scheduled surgery.
Pleiotropic effects of this class have been attributed to a variety of its pharmacodynamic actions such as natriuresis, hemoconcentration, deactivation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, ketone body formation, alterations in energy homeostasis, glycosuria, lipolysis, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidative actions.
The most common side effects include urinary infections, nasopharyngitis, and upper respiratory tract infections . [5] [6] The most serious side effects include ketoacidosis (high blood levels of acids called ‘ketoacids’), pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), hypersensitivity (allergic reactions) and hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar levels).
The data from two six-month field studies and an extended use field study demonstrated that bexagliflozin was over 80% effective in improving glycemic control in cats with diabetes mellitus. [ 2 ] Bexagliflozin, sold under the brand name Bexacat, is an antidiabetic medication used to improve glycemic control in cats with diabetes. [ 2 ]