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The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas, [1] as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas. The downstream sector reaches consumers through products such as gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel ...
The Congo is the sixth largest oil producer in sub-Saharan Africa. [3] As of 2021, the Congo has 1,811 million barrels of proven crude oil reserves. Their crude oil production is measured at 267 thousand barrels per day. [2] The accompanying downstream oil industry is an important element in the country's economy.
Upstream regards exploration and extraction of crude oil, midstream encompasses transportation and storage of crude, and downstream concerns refining crude oil into various end products. Petroleum is vital to many industries, and is necessary for the maintenance of industrial civilization in its current configuration, making it a critical ...
GM – gas migration; GOC – gas oil contact; GOM – Gulf of Mexico; GOP – geological operations report; GOR – gas oil ratio; GOSP – gas/oil separation plant; GPIT – general-purpose inclinometry tool (borehole survey) [16] GPLT – geol plot log [clarification needed] GPTG – gallons per thousand gallons; GPM – gallons per Mcf ...
Ever since the late 1950s, when commercial quantities of oil were first discovered in Nigeria's Niger Delta basin, West Africa has been an area of interest for oil and gas exploration and ...
The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream, midstream and downstream. The midstream sector involves the transportation (by pipeline , rail, barge, oil tanker or truck), storage, and wholesale marketing of crude or refined petroleum products.
Nigeria is the second largest oil and gas producer in Africa (after Angola). [1] Crude oil from the Niger Delta basin comes in two types: light, and comparatively heavy – the lighter has around 36 of API gravity while the heavier has 20–25 of API gravity. Both types are paraffinic and low in Sulphur. [2]
Sonatrach is the 12th largest oil consortium in the world, with 154 subsidiaries operating over the entire oil value-chain from upstream, to midstream, and downstream activities. [ 6 ] In 2002, its gross sales was 1,530 billion Algerian dinars for a net income of 175 billion.