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Cyclohexene oxide is produced in epoxidation reaction from cyclohexene. The epoxidation can take place either in a homogeneous reaction by peracids [2] or heterogeneous catalysis (e.g. silver and molecular oxygen). [3] [4] [5]
Hydration reaction mechanism from 1-methylcyclohexene to 1-methylcyclohexanol. Many alternative routes are available for producing alcohols, including the hydroboration–oxidation reaction, the oxymercuration–reduction reaction, the Mukaiyama hydration, the reduction of ketones and aldehydes and as a biological method fermentation.
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.
Benzene is converted to cyclohexylbenzene by acid-catalyzed alkylation with cyclohexene. [6] Cyclohexylbenzene is a precursor to both phenol and cyclohexanone. [7] Hydration of cyclohexene gives cyclohexanol, which can be dehydrogenated to give cyclohexanone, a precursor to caprolactam. [8] The oxidative cleavage of cyclohexene gives adipic acid.
For example ethylene oxide polymerizes to give polyethylene glycol, also known as polyethylene oxide. The reaction of an alcohol or a phenol with ethylene oxide, ethoxylation, is widely used to produce surfactants: [28] ROH + n C 2 H 4 O → R(OC 2 H 4) n OH. With anhydrides, epoxides give polyesters. [29]
Cyclohexylmethanol can be produced in two step starting with the hydroformylation of cyclohexene. This process also give cyclohexane, resulting from hydrogenation. The resulting cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde is then hydrogenated to give the alcohol. [5] [6]
Cyclohexene derivatives, such as imines, epoxides, and halonium ions, react with nucleophiles in a stereoselective fashion, affording trans-diaxial addition products. The term “Trans-diaxial addition” describes the mechanism of the addition, however the products are likely to equilibrate by ring flip to the lower energy conformer, placing the new substituents in the equatorial position.
For cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and cyclohexadiene, dehydrogenation is the conceptually simplest pathway for aromatization. The activation barrier decreases with the degree of unsaturation. Thus, cyclohexadienes are especially prone to aromatization. Formally, dehydrogenation is a redox process. Dehydrogenative aromatization is the reverse of ...