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In fluid dynamics the Milne-Thomson circle theorem or the circle theorem is a statement giving a new stream function for a fluid flow when a cylinder is placed into that flow. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was named after the English mathematician L. M. Milne-Thomson .
Whichever continuity is used in a proof of the Gerschgorin disk theorem, it should be justified that the sum of algebraic multiplicities of eigenvalues remains unchanged on each connected region. A proof using the argument principle of complex analysis requires no eigenvalue continuity of any kind. [1] For a brief discussion and clarification ...
We will see just how mechanical a properly designed theorem can be. A proof, we will see, is just that, a "test" of the theorem that we do by inserting a "proof example" into the beginning and see what pops out at the end. Both Lemmas #1 and #2 are required to form the necessary "IF AND ONLY IF" (i.e. logical equivalence) required by the proof:
In geometry, the incenter–excenter lemma is the theorem that the line segment between the incenter and any excenter of a triangle, or between two excenters, is the diameter of a circle (an incenter–excenter or excenter–excenter circle) also passing through two triangle vertices with its center on the circumcircle.
Conway's circle theorem as a special case of the generalisation, called "side divider theorem" (Villiers) or "windscreen wiper theorem" (Polster)) Conway's circle is a special case of a more general circle for a triangle that can be obtained as follows: Given any ABC with an arbitrary point P on line AB.
The circle packing theorem states that a circle packing exists if and only if the pattern of adjacencies forms a planar graph; it was originally proved by Paul Koebe in the 1930s, and popularized by William Thurston, who rediscovered it in the 1970s and connected it with the theory of conformal maps and conformal geometry. [1]
It is also related to the densest circle packing of the plane, in which every circle is tangent to six other circles, which fill just over 90% of the area of the plane. The case when the problem is restricted to a square grid was solved in 1989 by Jaigyoung Choe who proved that the optimal figure is an irregular hexagon. [4] [5]
Circle through exactly four points given by Schinzel's construction Schinzel proved this theorem by the following construction. If n {\displaystyle n} is an even number, with n = 2 k {\displaystyle n=2k} , then the circle given by the following equation passes through exactly n {\displaystyle n} points: [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ( x − 1 2 ) 2 + y 2 = 1 4 5 ...