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[37] [39] [40] The chikungunya-specific upstream components of the type-1 interferon pathway involved in the host's response to chikungunya infection are still unknown. [41] Nonetheless, mouse studies suggest that IPS-1 is an important factor, [ 41 ] and that IRF3 and IRF7 are important in an age-dependent manner.
Outbreaks of chikungunya, on average, have low mortality rates. [2] As it is generally a nonfatal disease, prevalence rates during most outbreaks are higher than incidence rates. [6] Recently, it was discovered that approximately 39% of the worldwide population resides in environments where the chikungunya virus is endemic. [7]
Chikungunya: Laboratory criteria include a decreased lymphocyte count consistent with viremia. Definitive laboratory diagnosis can be accomplished through viral isolation, RT-PCR, or serological diagnosis. Supportive care: Under research [9] Chlamydia trachomatis: Chlamydia
The 2013–2014 chikungunya outbreak represented the first recorded outbreak of the disease outside of tropical Africa and Asia. In December 2013, the first locally transmitted case of chikungunya in the Americas was detected in Saint Martin. Shortly after the first case the disease began to spread rapidly throughout the Caribbean region.
Laboratory blood tests can identify evidence of chikungunya or other similar viruses such as dengue and Zika. [34] Blood test may confirm the presence of IgM and IgG anti-chikungunya antibodies. IgM antibodies are highest 3 to 5 weeks after the beginning of symptoms and will continue be present for about 2 months.
Bazi plague is a deadly, rapidly spreading disease with no known cure. Its symptoms include pustules that appear all over the body, and a yellowing of the whites of the eyes. Black trump virus Wild Cards by George R. R. Martin: The black trump virus is a variant of xenovirus takis-B.
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High-amplitude sound of a specific pattern at a frequency close to the sensitivity peak of human hearing (2–3 kHz) is used as a burglar deterrent. [ 6 ] Some police forces have used sound cannons against protesters, for example during the 2009 G20 Pittsburgh summit , [ 7 ] the 2014 Ferguson unrest , [ 8 ] and the 2016 Dakota Access Pipeline ...