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The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...
In combinatorics on words, Fine and Wilf's theorem is a fundamental result describing what happens when a long-enough word has two different periods (i.e., distances at which its letters repeat). [1] [2] Informally, the conclusion is that such words have also a third, shorter period.
The DNA test considers an alphabet of 4 letters C, G, A, T, determined by two designated bits in the sequence of random integers being tested. It considers 10-letter words, so that as in OPSO and OQSO, there are 2 20 possible words, and the mean number of missing words from a string of 2 21 (overlapping) 10-letter words (2 21 + 9 "keystrokes ...
In order to win the game, the player must change the start word into the end word progressively, creating an existing word at each step. Each step consists of a single letter substitution. [3] For example, the following are the seven shortest solutions to the word ladder puzzle between words "cold" and "warm", using words from Collins Scrabble ...
For example, over the binary alphabet = {,}, the first occurrence of is at position (+) = while the average first occurrence of is at position () =. Intuitively, the fact that the first occurrence of a a {\displaystyle aa} is later than the first occurrence of a b {\displaystyle ab} can be explained in two ways:
7 Down: Fluorescent shade — HINT: It starts with the letter "N" 12 Down: Dissenting vote — HINT: It ends with the letter "Y" Answers to NYT's The Mini Crossword for Saturday, March 8, 2025
Chess notation systems are used to record either the moves made or the position of ... letter that stands for a ... e5 2.Bc4 Bc5 3.b4 Bxb4 4.f4 d5 5.exd5 Nf6 6.fxe5 ...
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