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A salinity maximum zone is formed, and both riverine and oceanic water flow close to the surface towards this zone. [7] This water is pushed downward and spreads along the bottom in both the seaward and landward direction. The maximum salinity can reach extremely high values and the residence time can be several months.
Tide flow information is most commonly seen on nautical charts, presented as a table of flow speeds and bearings at hourly intervals, with separate tables for spring and neap tides. The timing is relative to high water at some harbour where the tidal behaviour is similar in pattern, though it may be far away.
Tidal range is the difference in height between high tide and low tide. Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and Sun, by Earth's rotation and by centrifugal force caused by Earth's progression around the Earth-Moon barycenter. Tidal range depends on time and location.
High and low tide in the Bay of Fundy. The theory of tides is the application of continuum mechanics to interpret and predict the tidal deformations of planetary and satellite bodies and their atmospheres and oceans (especially Earth's oceans) under the gravitational loading of another astronomical body or bodies (especially the Moon and Sun).
Generally, tidal rivers are short rivers with relatively low discharge rates but high overall discharge, which generally implies a shallow river with a large coastal mouth. In some cases, high tides impound downstream flowing freshwater, reversing the flow and increasing the water level of the lower section of river, forming large estuaries ...
The formation of currents at the mouth of an inlet arises from the tidal actions of filling (high tide) and emptying (ebb tide) of the basin. The speed of these currents is influenced by the tidal range, the tidal curve, the volume of the tidal basin (also known as the storage area), and the size of the flow profile at that location.
A tidal asymmetry is a difference between the duration of the rise and the fall of the tidal water elevation and this can manifest itself as a difference in flood/ebb tidal currents. [19] The tidal asymmetry and the resulting currents are important for the sediment transport and turbidity in estuaries and tidal basins. [20]
Consider a tidal flow induced by a tidal force in the x-direction such as in the figure. Far away from the coast, the flow will be in the x-direction only. Since at the coast the water cannot flow cross-shore, the streamlines are parallel to the coast. Therefore, the flow curves around the coast.