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I.e., angle ∠ POP′′ will measure 2θ. A pair of rotations about the same point O will be equivalent to another rotation about point O. On the other hand, the composition of a reflection and a rotation, or of a rotation and a reflection (composition is not commutative), will be equivalent to a reflection.
An electromagnetic wave propagating along a path C has the phase shift over C as if it was propagating a path in a vacuum, length of which, is equal to the optical path length of C. Thus, if a wave is traveling through several different media, then the optical path length of each medium can be added to find the total optical path length.
Grazing incidence diffraction is used in X-ray spectroscopy and atom optics, where significant reflection can be achieved only at small values of the grazing angle. Ridged mirrors are designed to reflect atoms coming at a small grazing angle. This angle is usually measured in milliradians. In optics, there is Lloyd's mirror.
CATIA (/ k ə ˈ t iː ə /, an acronym of computer-aided three-dimensional interactive application) is a multi-platform software suite for computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), computer-aided engineering (CAE), 3D modeling and product lifecycle management (PLM), developed by the French company Dassault Systèmes.
The ray tracing technique is based on two reference planes, called the input and output planes, each perpendicular to the optical axis of the system. At any point along the optical train an optical axis is defined corresponding to a central ray; that central ray is propagated to define the optical axis further in the optical train which need ...
The profile projector is widely used for complex-shape stampings, gears, cams, threads and comparing the measured contour model.The profile projector is hence widely used in precision machinery manufacturing, including aviation, aerospace industry, watches and clocks, electronics, instrumentation industry, research institutes and detection metering stations at all levels, etc.
Used with an autocollimator or angle dekkor and mirror it can be used for machine tool axis squareness checking and for measuring the squareness of surfaces. It has two mirrors at 45 degree to each other. One is half-silvered, called horizon glass, and other is fully silvered, called index glass. It measures angle by double reflection.
An autocollimator is an optical instrument for non-contact measurement of angles. They are typically used to align components and measure deflections in optical or mechanical systems. An autocollimator works by projecting an image onto a target mirror and measuring the deflection of the returned image against a scale, either visually or by ...