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Kober, developing geosyncline theory, posited that stable blocks known as forelands move toward each other forcing the sediments of the intervening geosynclinal region to move over the forelands and forming marginal mountain ranges known as Randketten, while leaving an intervening median mass known as the Zwischengebirge. [3]
Development of a mountain range by sedimentation of a geosyncline and isostatic uplifting. This is the "collapse" of the geosyncline. A geosyncline (originally called a geosynclinal) is an obsolete geological concept to explain orogens, which was developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before the theory of plate tectonics was envisaged.
Orogeny (/ ɒ ˈ r ɒ dʒ ə n i /) is a mountain-building process that takes place at a convergent plate margin when plate motion compresses the margin. An orogenic belt or orogen develops as the compressed plate crumples and is uplifted to form one or more mountain ranges.
Ecosystem diversity addresses the combined characteristics of biotic properties which are living organisms (biodiversity) and abiotic properties such as nonliving things like water or soil (geodiversity). It is a variation in the ecosystems found in a region or the variation in ecosystems over the whole planet.
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. [1]
Population ecology is a sub-field of ecology that deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment. [15] It is the study of how the population sizes of species living together in groups change over time and space, and was one of the first aspects of ecology to be studied and modelled mathematically.
An orogenic belt, orogen, or mobile belt, [a] is a zone of Earth's crust affected by orogeny. [2] An orogenic belt develops when a continental plate crumples and is uplifted to form one or more mountain ranges ; this involves a series of geological processes collectively called orogenesis .
Grenville orogenic crust of mid-late Mesoproterozoic age (c.1250—980 Ma) is found worldwide, but generally only events which occurred on the southern and eastern margins of Laurentia are recognized under the "Grenville" name. [1] These orogenic events are also known as the Kibaran orogeny in Africa and the Dalslandian orogeny in Western Europe.