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Atop the troposphere is the tropopause, which is the functional atmospheric border that demarcates the troposphere from the stratosphere. As such, because the tropopause is an inversion layer in which air-temperature increases with altitude, the temperature of the tropopause remains constant. [ 2 ]
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere; it starts at the planetary boundary layer, and is the layer in which most weather phenomena occur. The troposphere contains the boundary layer, and ranges in height from an average of 9 km (5.6 mi; 30,000 ft) at the poles, to 17 km (11 mi; 56,000 ft) at the Equator.
The troposphere is denser than all its overlying layers because a larger atmospheric weight sits on top of the troposphere and causes it to be most severely compressed. Fifty percent of the total mass of the atmosphere is located in the lower 5.6 km (3.5 mi; 18,000 ft) of the troposphere.
Idealised depiction (at equinox) of large-scale atmospheric circulation on Earth Long-term mean precipitation by month. Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air and together with ocean circulation is the means by which thermal energy is redistributed on the surface of the Earth.
We now turn to calculating the effect of CO 2 on radiation, using a one-layer model, i.e. we treat the whole troposphere as a single layer: [3] Looking at a particular wavelength λ up to λ+dλ, the whole atmosphere has an optical depth OD, while the tropopause has an optical depth 0.12*OD; the troposphere has an optical depth of 0.88*OD.
Of the vertically developed clouds, the cumulonimbus type is the tallest and can virtually span the entire troposphere from a few hundred metres above the ground up to the tropopause. [33] It is the cloud responsible for thunderstorms. Some clouds can form at very high to extreme levels above the troposphere, mostly above the polar regions of ...
A typical La Niña pattern produces a wetter, cooler winter over the northern U.S., while drier, milder weather takes hold of the South. While there have been important caveats that go against the ...
Jet streams are fast flowing, narrow air currents in the Earth's atmosphere. [1]The main jet streams are located near the altitude of the tropopause and are westerly winds, flowing west to east around the globe.