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WHO Disease Staging System for HIV Infection and Disease was first produced in 1990 by the World Health Organization [1] and updated in 2007. [2] It is an approach for use in resource limited settings and is widely used in Africa and Asia and has been a useful research tool in studies of progression to symptomatic HIV disease .
Complications: Opportunistic infections, tumors [4]: Duration: Lifelong [4]: Causes: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [4]: Risk factors: Unprotected anal or vaginal sex, having another sexually transmitted infection, needle sharing, medical procedures involving unsterile cutting or piercing, and experiencing needlestick injury [4]
Following infection with HIV, the rate of clinical disease progression varies enormously between individuals. Many factors such as host susceptibility and immune function, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] health care and co-infections, [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] as well as factors relating to the viral strain [ 8 ] [ 9 ] may affect the rate of clinical disease ...
HIV seeks out and destroys CCR5 expressing CD4 + cells during acute infection. A vigorous immune response eventually controls the infection and initiates the clinically latent phase. However, CD4 + T cells in mucosal tissues remain depleted throughout the infection, although enough remain to initially ward off life-threatening infections.
The successful treatment and management of HIV/AIDS is affected by a plethora of factors which ranges from successfully taking prescribed medications, preventing opportunistic infection, and food access etc. Food insecurity is a condition in which households lack access to adequate food because of limited money or other resources.
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a condition seen in some cases of HIV/AIDS or immunosuppression, in which the immune system begins to recover, but then responds to a previously acquired opportunistic infection with an overwhelming inflammatory response that paradoxically makes the symptoms of infection worse. [1]
In patients with HIV, starting antiretroviral therapy is especially important for restoration of the immune system and reducing the incidence rate of opportunistic infections [51] [52] In patients undergoing chemotherapy, completion of and recovery from treatment is the primary method for immune system restoration.
The ChemDB HIV, Opportunistic Infection and Tuberculosis Therapeutics Database is a publicly available tool developed by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to compile preclinical data on small molecules with potential therapeutic action against HIV/AIDS and related opportunistic infections.