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The mandatory state pension is an unfunded contributory pension based on the redistribution of contributions from those working to those in retirement. The scheme aims to provide up to a maximum of 50% of the retiree's income during their 25 highest earning years up to the Plafond de la sécurité sociale (€41,136 annually in 2022).
In addition there are numerous special regimes dating from prior to the creation of the state system in the mid-to-late 1940s. The main concept is that a unique and central institution will pay for all medical costs and pensions so as to provide an equal level of coverage to the whole population. All incomes are taxed to fund this system.
Total net social spending in terms of percent of GDP, takes into account public and private social expenditure, and also includes the effect of direct taxes (income tax and social security contributions), indirect taxation of consumption on cash benefits, as well as tax breaks for social purposes.
In 2024, 663,000 babies were born in France. That's 2% less than in 2023 and 10% fewer than in 2010. The birth rate has been at its lowest level since World War II.
Dutton, Paul V. Origins of the French welfare state: The struggle for social reform in France, 1914–1947. (Cambridge UP, 2002). online; Mattera, Paolo. "Changes and turning points in welfare history. A case study: a comparison of France and Italy in the 1940s." Journal of Modern Italian Studies 22.2 (2017): 232–253. Nord, Philip.
Protests over pension reforms have roiled France in recent months, but demonstrations have been kept largely at bay at one of the country's glitziest events, the Cannes Film Festival.
France: Social assistance ... Mandatory state pension fund: Voluntary individual pensions ... France: 2023 French pension reform unrest.
However, military pension cannot fall beneath a certain minimum (€500 per month for an adjutant, for example); EDF and GDF average retirement age: 55.4; RATP: average retirement age: 54.8; SNCF average retirement age: 52.5; The Banque de France has harmonised its retirement plan based on the civil servant one, but keeps a separate fund;