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  2. Back-to-Africa movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-to-Africa_movement

    The back-to-Africa movement was a political movement in the 19th and 20th centuries advocating for a return of the descendants of African American slaves to the African continent. The small number of freed slaves who did settle in Africa—some under duress—initially faced brutal conditions, due to diseases to which they no longer had ...

  3. Marcus Garvey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Garvey

    In this way, Hart believed that Garvey had helped lay the groundwork for the U.S. civil rights movement during the 1950s and 1960s, even though that movement's call for racial integration and equality within the U.S. ran contrary to Garvey's belief in racial separation and his advocacy of migration to Africa.

  4. Black Star Line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Star_Line

    The Black Star Line became a key part of Garvey's contribution to the Back-to-Africa movement, but it was mostly unsuccessful, partly due to infiltration by FBI agents. [2] It was only one among many businesses which the UNIA originated, such as the Universal Printing House, Negro Factories Corporation , and the widely distributed and highly ...

  5. African Americans in Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans_in_Africa

    The Back-to-Africa movement achieved popularity again with Jamaican activist Marcus Garvey and his Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League, who advocated racial pride amongst African-Americans in the United States and pressed for repatriation of slave descendants to Liberia and Sierra Leone.

  6. Garveyism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garveyism

    During the late 1910s and 1920s, Garvey was also influenced by the ideas of the Irish independence movement, to which he was sympathetic. [10] He saw strong parallels between the subjugation of Ireland and the global subjugation of black people, [ 11 ] and identified strongly with the Irish independence leader Éamon de Valera . [ 12 ]

  7. African-American self-determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_self...

    African-American self determination refers to efforts to secure self-determination for African-Americans and related peoples in North America. It often intersects with the historic Back-to-Africa movement and general Black separatism, but also manifests in present and historic demands for self-determination on North American soil, ranging from autonomy to independence.

  8. Never-before-seen photo album of Adolf Hitler sold at auction

    www.aol.com/news/2017-03-13-never-before-seen...

    KENT, England, March 13 (Reuters) - An album containing never-before-seen candid photos of German Nazi party leader Adolf Hitler and party members will be auctioned on Wednesday, according to the ...

  9. Alfred Sam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Sam

    He was supported by the African Pioneer, a journal of the Back-to-Africa movement, and persuaded hundreds of families to sell their possessions and invest in his scheme. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] By early 1914, some 500 black Americans were prepared to sail to Africa on Sam's ship, the former German steamer Curityba which he renamed the S.S. Liberia , [ 1 ...