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After a few operations using ethanol, Moniz and Almeida Lima changed their technique and cut out small cores of brain tissue. They designed an instrument which they called a leucotome and called the operation a leucotomy (cutting of the white matter). [38] After twenty operations, they published an account of their work.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decline in cognitive function (especially in memory and executive functions) that may last from 1–12 months after surgery, or longer. [1] In some cases, this disorder may persist for several years after major surgery. [2] POCD is distinct from emergence delirium. Its causes are under ...
A lobotomy (from Greek λοβός (lobos) 'lobe' and τομή (tomē) 'cut, slice') or leucotomy is a discredited form of neurosurgical treatment for psychiatric disorder or neurological disorder (e.g. epilepsy, depression) that involves severing connections in the brain's prefrontal cortex. [1]
Among the complaints that patients had after the surgery were apathy and deficits in memory, although these were rarely reported. In addition, some subjects complained of some form of urinary disturbance, ranging from urinary retention to incontinence. Hydrocephalus (2%) and seizures (2%) were also observed. [19]
In the late 1990s the Institute of the Human Brain in St Petersburg developed a programme of cingulotomy for the treatment of addiction. [27] Deep brain stimulation is now being used as an alternative to ablative psychosurgery. [25] There is debate about whether or not, for legislative purposes, it should be considered as psychosurgery. [28]
Amisulpride is approved and used at low doses in the treatment of dysthymia and major depressive disorder. [10] [20] [11] [21] [22] [23] Whereas typical doses used in schizophrenia block postsynaptic dopamine D 2-like receptors and reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission, low doses of amisulpride preferentially block presynaptic dopamine D 2 and D 3 autoreceptors and thereby disinhibit dopamine ...
Once you become an adult, you typically reach your full height. That's a number that comes up regularly in your life, whether it's at the doctor's office or while shopping for a pair of pants.
In fact, even if a patient is deemed to lack capacity, if they made a valid advance decision refusing ECT then they should not be given it; and even if they do not have an advance decision, the psychiatrist must obtain an independent second opinion (which is also the case if the patient is under age of consent). [141]