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[76] [77] A new category of procurement, Indian Indigenously Designed, Developed and Manufactured (Indian-IDDM) was created. [78] Reform of the Ordnance Factory Board and giving the new defence PSU units large-scale orders was a move towards military self-reliance. [79] Equipment manufactured under Indian-IDDM have been handed over to the military.
India has a new defence procurement, acquisition and manufacturing policy to reduce imports and enhance domestic manufacturing. [6] "Defence Production Policy of 2018" (DPrP-2018) has a goal of becoming among the top 5 global producers of the aerospace and defence manufacturing with an annual export target of US$5 billion by 2025.
To accomplish these goals, indigenous arms production was prioritized by encouraging local production and procurement for the military. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 5 ] President Park's intermingling of economic and defense policy was very successful, as the South Korean military and defense industry greatly benefited from the country's rapid economic growth ...
On 30 June 2020, 3.2% of ADF permanent personnel and 2.6% of Reserves were Indigenous Australians. [203] The Defence Reconciliation Action Plan 2019-2022 aims to increase the number of Indigenous Australians the ADF recruits and to improve their retention rate, and has set a target of 5% Indigenous representation by 2025. [204]
Government procurement or public procurement is when a governing body purchases goods, works, and services from an organization for themselves or the taxpayers. [1] [2] [3] In 2019, public procurement accounted for approximately 12% of GDP in OECD countries.
The National Indigenous Australians Agency was established in July 2019, under the Minister for Indigenous Australians, Ken Wyatt, [13] [14] and this agency is now responsible for "lead[ing] and coordinat[ing] the development and implementation of Australia’s Closing the Gap targets in partnership with Indigenous Australians".
The basic conceptualization of nature from the perspective of environmental economics is that manufactured capital can be used as a substitute for natural capital. [13] The definition of PES provided by environmental economics is the most popular: a voluntary transaction between a service buyer and service seller that takes place on the condition that either a specific ecosystem service is ...
Sustainable sourcing is directly related to SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, and can also contribute to achieving a number of the other SDGs including SDG 1: No Poverty, SDG 2: Zero Hunger, SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being, SDG 4: Quality Education, SDG 5: Gender Equality, SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth, SDG 10: Reduced ...