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The low isolation yield of shikimic acid from the Chinese star anise is blamed for the 2005 shortage of oseltamivir. Shikimic acid can also be extracted from the seeds of the sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) fruit, [2] which is abundant in North America, in yields of around 1.5%. For example, 4 kg (8.8 lb) of sweetgum seeds is needed for ...
The shikimate pathway (shikimic acid pathway) is a seven-step metabolic pathway used by bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, some protozoans, and plants for the biosynthesis of folates and aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine). This pathway is not found in mammals.
The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are biosynthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine in the shikimic acid pathway. [1] Their name is derived from the six-carbon, aromatic phenyl group and the three-carbon propene tail of coumaric acid , which is the central intermediate in ...
(6S)-6-Fluoroshikimic acid is an antibacterial agent acting on the aromatic biosynthetic pathway. [1] It may be used against Plasmodium falciparum , the causative agent of malaria. [ 2 ] The molecule is targeting the enzymes of the shikimate pathway .
Aminoshikimic acid is an unnatural carbohydrate, although aminoshikimic acid is the namesake of the aminoshikimate pathway, which generates the 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA) starter unit required for the biosynthesis of the ansamycins and mitomycins. [1]
Metabolism (/ m ə ˈ t æ b ə l ɪ z ə m /, from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.The three main functions of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run cellular processes; the conversion of food to building blocks of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates; and the ...
An acid-base diagram for human plasma, showing the effects on the plasma pH when P CO 2 in mmHg or Standard Base Excess (SBE) occur in excess or are deficient in the plasma [23] Acid–base imbalance occurs when a significant insult causes the blood pH to shift out of the normal range (7.32 to 7.42 [ 16 ] ).
Dactylifric acid (also known as dattelic acid or 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid [2] [3] [4]) is an ester derived from caffeic acid and shikimic acid. It and its isomers are enzymic browning substrates found in dates (Phoenix dactylifera fruits). [3] [5] Some older sources identify dactylifric acid as 3-O-caffeoylshikimic acid. [5]