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The phonology of the Korean language covers the language's distinct, meaningful sounds (19 consonants and 7 vowels in the standard Seoul dialect) and the rules governing how those sounds interact with each other. This article is a technical description of the phonetics and phonology of Korean.
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Korean on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Korean in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
They are divided into initials (leading consonants), vowels (middle), and finals tables (trailing consonants). The jamo shown below are individually romanized according to the Revised Romanization of Hangeul (RR Transliteration), which is a system of transliteration rules between the Korean and Roman alphabets, originating from South Korea.
Korean is spoken by the Korean people in both South Korea and North Korea, and by the Korean diaspora in many countries including the People's Republic of China, the United States, Japan, and Russia. In 2001, Korean was the fourth most popular foreign language in China, following English, Japanese, and Russian. [ 68 ]
The chart below shows names used in South Korea for consonants of the Korean alphabet. The letters are arranged in the South Korean alphabetic order, and the letter names are romanised in the Revised Romanization system, which is the official romanization system of South Korea. The tense consonants are described with the word 쌍 ssang meaning ...
A phonogram is used to mark the final syllable or coda consonant of a Korean word already represented by a logogram. [113] Handel uses an analogy to "-st" in English 1st for "first". [114] Because the final phonogram can represent a single consonant, Old Korean writing has alphabetic properties. [115] Examples of mareum cheomgi are given below.
Many of the consonants in later forms of Korean are secondary developments: The reinforced consonants of modern Korean arose from clusters of consonants, becoming phonemically distinct after the Late Middle Korean period. [44] [45] The aspirated consonants of Middle and modern Korean also arose from clusters with * k or * h.
The flag hung at the founding ceremony of the Korean People's Army in 1948 reads, 'Long live General Kim Il-sung, the leader of our people!'During the North's brief use of the initial sound rule, the Sino-Korean term "領導者" (leader) is spelled using the initial sound rule: 영도자 yeongdoja instead of ryeongdoja 령도자.