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In geology and geomorphology a base level is the lower limit for an erosion process. [1] The modern term was introduced by John Wesley Powell in 1875. [1]
A drop in base level causes a response by the river system to carve into the landscape. This incision begins at the formation of a knickpoint, and its upstream migration depends heavily upon the drainage area (and so the discharge of the river), material through which it cuts, and how large the drop in base level was. [7]
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth' μορφή (morphḗ) 'form' and λόγος 'study') [2] is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface.
Terraced landscape, Goosenecks State Park, revealing the drop in river base level over time. In geomorphology a river is said to be rejuvenated when it is eroding the landscape in response to a lowering of its base level. The process is often a result of a sudden fall in sea level or the rise of land.
Plunge pool – Depression at the base of a waterfall; Pothole – Natural bowl-shaped hollow carved into a streambed; Rapids – River section with increased velocity and turbulence; Riffle – Shallow landform in a flowing channel; River – Natural flowing freshwater stream; River delta – Silt deposition landform at the mouth of a river
[1] [4] By some definitions, peneplains grade down to a base level represented by sea level, yet in other definitions such a condition is ignored. [4] Geomorphologist Karna Lidmar-Bergström and co-workers consider the base level criterion crucial and above the precise mechanism of formation of peneplains, including this way some pediplains ...
The geographic cycle, or cycle of erosion, is an idealized model that explains the development of relief in landscapes. [1] The model starts with the erosion that follows uplift of land above a base level and ends, if conditions allow, in the formation of a peneplain. [1]
Geomorphology (from the Greek words Ge = earth, morfe = form and logos = study) is the science of surface features and landforms including the forces and processes that create them. Geomorphology has strong ties to geologic structure, rock types, and local/regional climate.