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In geology and geomorphology a base level is the lower limit for an erosion process. [1] The modern term was introduced by John Wesley Powell in 1875. [1]
A drop in base level causes a response by the river system to carve into the landscape. This incision begins at the formation of a knickpoint, and its upstream migration depends heavily upon the drainage area (and so the discharge of the river), material through which it cuts, and how large the drop in base level was. [7]
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek ... In this way, rivers are thought of as setting the base level for large-scale landscape evolution in nonglacial environments.
Terraced landscape, Goosenecks State Park, revealing the drop in river base level over time. In geomorphology a river is said to be rejuvenated when it is eroding the landscape in response to a lowering of its base level. The process is often a result of a sudden fall in sea level or the rise of land.
The geographic cycle, or cycle of erosion, is an idealized model that explains the development of relief in landscapes. [1] The model starts with the erosion that follows uplift of land above a base level and ends, if conditions allow, in the formation of a peneplain. [1]
[1] [4] By some definitions, peneplains grade down to a base level represented by sea level, yet in other definitions such a condition is ignored. [4] Geomorphologist Karna Lidmar-Bergström and co-workers consider the base level criterion crucial and above the precise mechanism of formation of peneplains, including this way some pediplains ...
The terms river morphology and its synonym stream morphology are used to describe the shapes of river channels and how they change in shape and direction over time. The morphology of a river channel is a function of a number of processes and environmental conditions, including the composition and erodibility of the bed and banks (e.g., sand, clay, bedrock); erosion comes from the power and ...
In geomorphology, geography and geology, a bench or benchland is a long, relatively narrow strip of relatively level or gently inclined land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below it. Benches can be of different origins and created by very different geomorphic processes.